Category: Speaking Engagements

  • Rencontre avec Darrel G. Babuk – Architecte, spécialiste en réseau de transport

    Publié le 9 septembre 2006

    In english:  some time ago, I was recommended to Christophe Loustau, Recipient of the prestgious Richard Morris Hunt Fellowship.  Christophe’s research project was to document the original New York City – San Francisco transcontinental railway across the United States.  I did an amalgamation of many of my usual railway & architectural history presentations.  This presentation completely zapped every single word of french vocabulary I knew, as I’m sure that it did the same for Christophe’s english.  An entry from Christophe’s journal follows, which can be seen at www.christopheloustau.comMaintenant, en Français:   

    dearborn stationDarrel G. Babuk est un passionné de transport ferroviaire. Il est architecte AIA, membre de l’institut royal d’architecture du Canada, reconnu comme LEED AP (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Accredited Professional) et associé chez DLK Civic Design à Chicago. Il travaille pour différents clients comme Chicago Transit Authority sur le développement de leur réseau de transport. Actif dans le milieu associatif local, professeur à l’école d’architecture de Triton College et féru d’histoire de l’architecture, il participe à de nombreuses conférences pour faire partager cette passion. union stationD’origine canadienne, il a grandi dans les gares même de Grassy Lake et Vulcan, Alberta dans les prairies de l’Ouest canadien où son père était opérateur télégraphiste. Notre rencontre s’est faite ici, à Chicago où nous avons traversé en long et en large la ville et sa banlieue dans sa superbe Chevrolet Corvair de 1965. Chicago a toujours été la plaque tournante commerciale dans le transport des marchandises des Etats-Unis. Sa position stratégique au croisement des Grands Lacs et des canaux et le formidable essor de son réseau ferroviaire en ont fait le berceau d’innovations architecturales et techniques. riversideNos différentes escales nous ont menées à parcourir différents thèmes étroitement liés au réseau ferroviaire : gare, entrepôts de fret et ponts ferroviaires et, à l’incontournable Frank Lloyd Wright.

    A la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècles, plus d’une vingtaine de compagnies ferroviaires convergées vers Chicago. Six gares principales les accueillaient. Aujourd’hui, sur ces six gares, il ne reste plus que deux d’entre elles : Dearborn Station qui a été reconverti en complexe de restaurants et de services et Union Station qui est toujours utilisée par Amtrak. riverforestLes autres ont été détruites pour faire place à l’appétit des constructeurs. Union Station est l’œuvre de la compagnie d’architectes Graham, Anderson, Probst & White exécutée entre 1913 et 1925. Elle est l’un des plus beaux exemples de l’architecte néo-classique de la ville. A l’origine, elle était implantée sur deux blocs avant que celui côté Est, le long du canal, soit en partie démoli pour implanter un tour de bureaux. De ce bâtiment, seules les voies en sous-sol sont toujours existantes et encore en fonction.
    pivotDe ces gares majeures implantées en cœur de ville près du
    Loop, qui est le nom du métro aérien qui dessert le centre de la ville en formant une boucle, les trains se dirigeaient vers la proche banlieue où chaque gare formait alors le centre d’un nouveau quartier, d’une nouvelle communauté. Celle-ci se développait autour de la gare sur un rayon d’un kilomètre environ, distance pouvant être facilement parcouru à pied. Les gares de Riverside et River Forest, que nous avons visité, sont deux exemples de ce développement. st charles airCe modèle a été étudié et promu par Sir Ebenezer Howard dans son livre « Garden Cities of Tomorrow » en 1902, basé sur sa thèse de 1898.

    Du fait de son réseau dense de canaux navigables, l’accès à la ville par les voies ferrées nécessitait la construction de ponts permettant la libre circulation des bateaux. Après le grand incendie de 1871, de nouveaux principes de ponts métalliques sont construits par les compagnies ferroviaires permettant de libérer le passage. 8 lane pennPlusieurs systèmes sont inventés par leurs ingénieurs : pont tournant (swing-span bridge), pont à bascule (bascule bridge), pont transbordeur (vertical-lift bridge), … Plusieurs de ces ponts ferroviaires sont en cours de protection par la ville de Chicago dont le pont tournant de la compagnie Illinois Central Railroad, le pont basculant de la compagnie St Charles Air Line, le pont basculant de la Pennsylvania Railroad appelé « Eight Track » et le pont transbordeur de la même compagnie. centreliftTous ces ponts ont un fort impact dans le paysage, souvent industriel, dans lequel ils se trouvent. Leur préservation est un repère important de l’histoire ferroviaire de la ville de Chicago.

     

     

      
    CMDDe cet intense transit, les entrepôts de fret de l’Union Freight Station sont encore visibles. Ces imposants bâtiments de plusieurs centaines de mètres de long sur une cinquantaine de large et sur cinq étages de haut montrent l’impressionnante capacité de stockage que devait avoir la ville de Chicago. Aujourd’hui, ces bâtiments sont en majorité utilisés pour leur fonction originale. Toutefois, pour quelqu’un d’entre eux, des reconversions en loft commencent à se faire.

    CMD towerD’autres traces restent toujours visibles comme les silos de stockage (grain house). Ils sont les précurseurs des premiers gratte-ciels. Suite au grand incendie de Chicago, le bois avait été abandonné au profit du béton armé, leur donnant cette silhouette qui a inspiré Le Corbusier dans son livre « Vers une architecture ». Aujourd’hui, ces ouvrages sont à l’abandon.

    More of Christophe Loustau’s journal may be viewed at http://www.christopheloustau.com/

     

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  • Deux journées de folie en compagnie de Darrel Babuk

    session du 8 au 9 septembre 2006

    In English:  some time ago, I was recommended to Christophe Loustau, Recipient of the prestgious Richard Morris Hunt Fellowship.  Christophe’s research project was to document the original New York City – San Francisco transcontinental railway across the United States.  I did an amalgamation of many of my usual railway & architectural history presentations.  One of those sites was Riverside, Illinois, one of the first – and currently best preserved – transit oriented development, or classic American suburbs,  in existence.  On the way to Riverside, we happened to stumble across the Route 66 Car Show in Berwyn, Illinois.  Christophe politely asked if we could stop to take a look, I think that he underwent a form of culture shock.  An entry from Christophe’s journal follows.   Maintenant, en Français:  

     
    1965 Chevrolet Corvair
     
     
     

     

    J’ai rencontré à Chicago une véritable personnalité, architecte et passionné de gares. Darrel est d’origine canadienne, où il a grandi dans une gare avec sa famille, son père était opérateur télégraphiste. Notre rencontre c’est faite un vendredi en début d’après-midi. Nous devions nous rencontrer pour un café avant de se revoir le lendemain pour parcourir la ville sur différents sujets tournant autour des gares. dashboardMais le café, c’est très rapidement transformé en road trip dans sa superbe Chevrolet Corvair bleu turquoise de 1966. A l’intérieur, des tapis blancs à petits pois noirs donnent un effet rétro.

     

     

    Nous sommes parti vers la banlieue de Chicago pour flâner autour de Oak Park et pour voir les différentes maisons de Frank Lloyd Wright tout en discutant. backseatC’est impressionnant de voir l’effet que peuvent produire de simples maisons que l’ont a étudiées, vues dans des livres et de se retrouver là, en face d’elles. Il faut dire que cet architecte est le plus célèbre des Etats-Unis. Son architecture est tout simplement remarquable. Le soir, la pause café à continuer en dîner avec Darrel et sa femme dans un très agréable restaurant.

    dashboardLe lendemain, nous sommes partis à nouveau à l’assaut de Chicago au volant de sa superbe américaine. Nous avons traversé de long en large tous les endroits les plus intéressants pour mon étude. C’est formidable de rencontrer quelqu’un passionné par un sujet et prêt à vous le faire partager. En chemin, une autre surprise nous attendait sur la célèbre route 66. Une manifestation de voitures américaines anciennes était organisée. tigerNous nous sommes arrêtées une petite heure pour voir toutes ces magnifiques voitures avec leurs lignes extravagantes, leurs intérieures grands luxes et leurs chromes étincelants. Quelques unes sont de véritables cultes à la culture des années 60 et 70. La célèbre expression “mettez un tigre dans votre moteur” était mise en scène ainsi que le plateau repas haut en couleurs des drive-in.

    cadillac57chevy fintbird60oldscarhop

    More of Christophe Loustau’s journal may be seen at http://www.christopheloustau.com

     

  • The “Architect – Comedian” as the next new comic sensation

    At a farewell party last night, one fellow picked a conversation topic started expounding on “lawyer-comedians”.

    Now, I can count lawyers as being among my best of friends, however:  a “lawyer – comedian” sounded as oxymoronic as would an “architect-comedian”.  I somehow doubt if anyone could find comedy in issuing a change order or an Expression of Interest document.

    Thinking of it, until very lately, the only architects ever depicted on prime time television programs were the likes of Mr. Brady of “The Brady Bunch”, or the owner of “Mr. Ed – the Talking Horse” – all these characters being rather contrived.  For television, the images of lawyers have been dressed up by inserting a bit of drama into their daily routines – a procedural time out while appealing a stay of execution, for example.  We architects could never inject excitement into a Contemplated Change Notice addressing plastic laminate countertop surfaces. 

    The only group less likely than “lawyer – comedians” or architect – comedians” may be an “accountant – comedian”, perhaps developing comedy in changing the standard office ledger paper from six column to five.  A cost effective move, no doubt.

    Fortunately, we found a more entertaining conversation topic that involved commenting on wine from Ontario vineyards.

  • The Illinois Saint Andrew Society Highland Games British Car Show

    The good hostess favours of rain ponchos the evening previous was an omen indeed.  Unprecedented 70 mph winds and heavy downpour rains swept through the area.  Upon checking email at 430 on Saturday morning, a note read “.. the Games will go on..”

    Just a wee bit of the 7000 pounds of this 1953 Bentley R-Series
    Just a wee bit of the 7000 pounds of this 1953 Bentley R-Series

    The Illinois Saint Andrew Society is the oldest and longest continually operating charity in the State; it’s like a Scottish benevolent society.  For the past twenty-three years, it has staged the Highland Games – heavy athletics, rugby, soccer, dancing competitions, shortbread baking contests, dog shows, sheep herding… For the past few years, the program has been expanded to include a British Car Show.  I am honoured to Chair the committee that organizes the car show within the overall Highland Games Committee.  The British Car Show Committee led to the formation of the Scottish Motor Club, an organization that can continually promote the Highland Games, the Illinois Saint Andrew Society, and offer moral support to anyone relatively new to Lucas Electronics.

    Looking down the Car Show Row, early in the morning
    Looking down the Car Show Row, early in the morning

    The Highland Games were held at the Oak Brook Polo Grounds. The grounds are being converted from polo accommodations to soccer; a seemingly insignificant though very major change is that soccer fields have longer cut grass that tends to retain water.  The thought that came to mind is that kilts are always preferable to trousers when marching through wetlands. The grounds were awfully soggy at 6AM. 

    Lotus Europa (left) Lotus Super Seven (Right)
    Lotus Europa (left) Lotus Super Seven (Right)

    Nightmarish thoughts of low-slung Lotuses (Lotii ? ) and 7000 pound Bentleys came to mind.  The Village of Oak Brook was quick to disallow cars on the main field; the car show had to quickly relocate.  After an impromptu committee meeting, a well drained site along the main walkway to the admission gates was chosen.  Though a bit tight in area, it had exceptional visibility and even offered shade.  The Highland Games are highland games first and a car show second, so cars are never a major bill.  This year however, despite overnight flooding and fallen trees leaving neighbourhoods in disrepair, some seventeen cars appeared.  None sank in the mud, as our site had no mud to sink into.

    Not a Sunbeam Imp, but rather a 1973 Land Rover Series III
    Not a Sunbeam Imp, but rather a 1973 Land Rover Series III

    The Arts & Culture Club of the Saint Andrew Society invited me to make a presentation describing Scottish cars.  There were Scottish Americans who formed automobile companies like Winton, Buick, then General Motors; and there was the Rootes Group who built a factory at Linwood, Renfrewshire, Scotland that manufactured Hillman Imps (mainly) with the occasional Sunbeam Alpine and Humber Scepter coming off the line.

    1963 Sunbeam Imp, photo from the 2008 Highland games British Car Show
    1963 Sunbeam Imp, photo from the 2008 Highland Games British Car Show

    Midway through the afternoon, a friend’s Sunbeam Imp (as badged in the US) appeared, making the display complete.

    Another friend contacted me earlier, I had asked if he could bring his 1929 Austin, as we didn’t have any pre-war British cars showing.  He returned the contact indicating that a friend of his was letting him use his racetrack to try out his McLaren F1.  This constitutes quite an acceptable reason for not attending the Highland Games British Car Show.

    Lotus Elise
    Lotus Elise

    Early in morning however, my daughter won First Place for dancing the Flora, and Second Place for the Sword Dance!

    A good time was had by all, with the Lotus Corps Chicago attempting to convince me that my next car should be a Lotus M100, while people from New Zealand approached me, actually recognizing my car as a Clubman Mini, and sharing stories.

  • Presentation to Fachhochshule am Main Frankfurt and Ryerson University

    Tuesday, May 26, 2009

    Yesterday, I made a presentation of “The Canadian Side of the Chicago School of Architecture 1884 – 1935” to a group of architecture students and faculty visiting Chicago from Fachhochscule Frankfurtam Main of Frankfort, Germany and Ryerson University of Toronto, at their request.  It was a group of about fifty people, they had booked the Lecture Hall at the Chicago Architecture Foundation.

    While the important role of William LeBaron Jenney towards the development of the skyscraper building format is well known, the substantial Canadian influence in his practice at that time tends to be overlooked.

    YMCA Association Building, Jenney and Mundie, Architect. 1893, Chicago, Illinois.
    YMCA Association Building, Jenney and Mundie, Architect. 1893, Chicago, Illinois.

    Jenney’s practice was one of a few noteworthy architectural practices in Chicago at the time of the Great Fire in 1872. In 1879, he designed and constructed the First Leiter Building, which is seen as a significant contributing building to the skyscraper format, both technically and aesthetically.  In 1884, William Bryce Mundie, a young architect from Hamilton, Ontario, entered the Jenney practice. Mundie was immediately made Site Superintendant of the Home Life Insurance Building, widely considered by historians as being the first true skyscraper.  Mundie was exceptionally talented and capable.  Working his way up in the Jenney practice, Mundie was made Partner in 1891, at which point the practice’s name was changed to “Jenney and Mundie”.  In 1897, the State of Illinois adopted an Architect’s Act, which defined who may practice architecture and what that practice may entail.  Mundie obtained licensure as an Architect; Jenney did not, and passed away in 1907.

    The period of time from 1891 – 1897 was very lucrative for the Jenney and Mundie practice, producing some of the most memorable projects associated with Jenney that are rarely associated with Mundie, though it appears that Mundie had considerable influence. Those projects would include the Fair Store (1890 – 96), the Ludington Building (1891), the World’s Fair Horticultural Building (1893), the YMCA Association Building (1893) and the New York Life Building (1894).

    Union Bank Tower, John D. Atchison, Architect.  1912, Winnipeg, Manitoba
    Union Bank Tower, John D. Atchison, Architect. 1912, Winnipeg, Manitoba

    During this time, another young architect, John D. Atchison, passed through the Jenney and Mundie practice.  After leaving to persue his own practice, Atchison did a string of unknown greystones and courtyard apartment buildings in Evanston, Illinois; he established an architectural practice in Winnipeg that was the only local practice with the knowledge and ability to take on ‘skyscraper’ projects.

    Interior Stairway, Bank of Hamilton Building, John. D. Atchison, Architect. 1916, Winnipeg, Manitoba
    Interior Stairway, Bank of Hamilton Building, John. D. Atchison, Architect. 1916, Winnipeg, Manitoba

    John Atchison was the Architect of many skyscraper in Winnipeg’s Exchange District, such as the Fairchild Building (1906), the Maltese Cross Block (1909), the Great Western Insurance Building (1909), the Union Tower Building (1912) and the Bank of Hamilton Building (1916).

    William Bryce Mundie continued on, being a guiding force in the Chicago Architectural Club, developing its curriculum and competition formats, becoming a major influence for incoming generations of Chicago architects.  There is evidence that he stayed in contact with Atchison, who was also a member of the Chicago Architectural Club.

    Meantime, Winnipeg’s economy took a prolonged downturn.  John Atchison became a civic planner, being the force behind the establishment of the “Capitol Mall” concept leading up to the Manitoba Legislature Building.  Atchison also persued out of town work, first in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, then in Pasadena, California.

    There are many unanswered questions I’ve come across in my limited research, all of which would make excellent research topics for students of architectural history.  Any takers?

  • Great Chicago Places and Spaces 2009, Part 2

    Sunday, May 17, 2009

    Great Chicago Places and Spaces took place yesterday.  While the overall program was shortened (one day rather than two, 100 presentations instead of more than 200) it was very well attended.  All three of my presentations sold out.  It was beautiful weather, albeit a bit windy at times.

    Secret Streets of Chicago’s Loop was able to get up close to the ghost sign on court place in back of the Cadillac Palace Theatre that advertised the lounge inside the former Bismarck Hotel.  Speaking of ghosts, no one reported capturing any mysterious orbs on photograhs they took on Couch Place, in back of the Ford Theatre.  We even had a good look at what was Pickwick Place, now addressed as 22 E. Jackson Boulevard.

     

    Delivering a lecture as part of an Architectural Walking Tour
    Delivering a lecture as part of an Architectural Walking Tour

    The Great Train Stations of Clinton Street was back after a year’s hiatus; fortunately, Johnny Depp’s filming of “Public Enemies” was not. That production reaked havoc on last year’s Union Station presentation, as the entire station – Great Hall, Concourse and platforms – was closed at the last minute for filming.  This year, everything was open.  Amtrak, the Union Pacific Railroad and the Chicago Transit Authority were all very helpful, it all came off well. We even had a presentation from Mason Pritchett of Casimir Kujawa Architect, Mason being part of the design team that won an Honorable Mention in the Chicago Architectural Club’s design competition to integrate high speed rail into Union Station.  Caz – who was one of my interns years ago – couldn’t make the presentation and Mason was an excellent stand in.  A college chum in town from California for a conference in Chicago who took this tour noted that an intern of an intern of mine made the presentation.

    This presentation of Just a Bit of Chicago’s Transit Archaeology was a walking tour adaptation of a trolly bus presentation I made last year.  There are many bits’n’pieces of transit archaeology all over Chicago.  The trolley ride between the sites was a bit much of dead air, so a walking tour od a portion of that presenattion was tried this year.

    I trust that Great Chicago Places and Spaces will continue on next year.  Am hoping that some of the really classic tour presentations, like “Inside a Bridgehouse” or the rendition of “Rooftop Real Estate” that saw the entire group taken up to the roof of the Sears Tower may be back.

  • Great Chicago Places and Spaces 2009

    Friday, May 8, 2009

    The City of Chicago Mayor’s Office of Special Events has just announced the presentations being offered for Great Chicago Places and Spaces this year.  I am honoured to have been asked to make three separate walking tour presentations for this event, which will occur on Saturday, May 16.

    Chicago's Loop, looking over the Northwestern Station Yards
    Chicago's Loop, looking over the Northwestern Station Yards

    In Secret Streets of Chicago’s Loop; streets like Monroe, LaSalle and Jackson are quintessentially part of Chicago’s Loop, just as are streets like Garland, Couch, Marble and Arcade. Let’s find these streets and learn about the significant events that happened there.  This presentation will take place at 945AM and registration is available at the Chicago Architecture Foundation on the day of the tour.

     

    Coaling Tower, C&NW RR 40th Street Yards (GCPS 2006)
    Coaling Tower, C&NW RR 40th Street Yards (GCPS 2006)

    Great Train Stations of Clinton Street occurs at 12 noon.  The train stations of Clinton Street – the Old Post Office, Union Station, Northwestern Station (Olgivie Transportation Center) and the CTA Clinton / Lake Green Line  and the CTA Clinton / Blue Line Stations have always played an important role in Chicago’s Development.  See the stations of the past and present, and let’s glimpse at what the future holds in store.

    The presentation of Just a Bit of Chicago’s Transit Archaeology takes place at 2PM.  What is this lost wall, this crooked building, this odd thing in the river, this old sign?  Remnants of a lost civilization?  No: Chicago is loaded with all sorts of Archaeology of past transit systems.  let’s look at this one part that ran up to the Loop. On my suggestion, some of this tour was previewed by Geoffrey Baer in a telecast of “Ask Geoffrey” during an episode of Chicago Tonighton WTTW-TV last January.

    The two afternoon presentations “Great Train Stations of Clinton Street” and “Just a Bit of Chicago’s Transit Archaeology” require advance registration, which will be available online at www.greatchicagoplaces.us starting Tuesday, April 21. In previous years, both of these presentations sold out early.

    Great Chicago Places and Spaces offers a cornucopia of other terrific presentations, most of which are not offered other times of the year.  Some presentations are aimed specifically at children and families.  More information is available at www.greatchicagoplaces.us

  • The Rise and Fall of the McMansion, and other Midwestern Housing Trends

    Tuesday, September 5, 2006

    In the US market, many sense that the slumping sales of Toll Brothers Builders and Lowe’s are symptomatic of an overall declining real estate and construction market.  Has all of the wind gone out of the housing market, as the housing bubble doomsday promoters predicted?

    Perhaps not.  Perhaps the housing market has simply changed, and that change has yet to be noticed.

    The evolution of the living unit concept has generated many different planning and building formats over the years.  One of the most radical housing concepts occurred in that era just after the Second World War; when plentiful, convenient land supplies, a growing expressway network and inexpensive energy spawned the post-war suburban tract home.  Post-war suburbs spawned this building type, requiring exposure on all sides that in turn required a rate of land consumption and ensuing density that made individual transportation – the automobile – essential.  Post-war houses were efficiently planned, but small.  Post-war houses also embraced labour saving devices that encouraged leisure.  Growing aspirations made post-war houses larger.  They became so much larger that half a century later, the same post-war tract home concept became absolutely huge.

    Witness the “McMansion” housing type, nothing more than an enormous post-war suburban tract home; many times built on the extreme outer fringes of metropolitan centres, sometimes built on tear down lots in neighbourhoods that weren’t completely built out to their zoning envelopes. The post-war tract housing concept has remained more or less unchanged despite simple theme variations.  All versions of the post-war suburban tract home building type have enjoyed consumer favour during their history, despite many consumer changes over the same period.  That the suburban tract home building type is on the wane shouldn’t be confused as a sign of a slowing economy, rather that the market is ready for a different type of building for housing.

    Consumer Reports Magazine recently reported that new car buyers rank gas mileage as important as reliability.  The US Census Bureau reported more ‘extreme commuters’ who spend more than 90 minutes a trip commuting, yet average commute times in many cities are slightly less, leading one to believe that more people are living closer to their employment, resulting in shorter commutes. Close-in neighbourhoods – older suburbs that were originally self contained towns – have emerged as viable live / work options.  Virtually every North American city is finding itself in some sort of urban renaissance.  Some of theattraction of pre-war neighbourhoods is their convenience to mass transit, allowing the benefits of being less automobile dependent yet still seeming quite spacious.  Mass transit is becoming more than merely an inexpensive method of travel.  Recently, the Washington DC Metro experienced some of its busiest days in history – for no special reason.

    Los Angeles has realized that freeway expansion will not positively affect traffic gridlock or commute times, and has developed a commuter rail system rivaling Chicago’s.  Mass transit has become an identifiable trend, with cities as diverse as Pittsburgh and Salt Lake City developing new light rail or commuter railway systems.

    While this argument describes a market segment that be open for change, there is an even larger market force ahead: housing needs to be fueled by population growth.  Growing population numbers are made up of people without benefit of large, home equity financial resources, and reflect growing numbers of immigrants at levels unseen in decades.  Initially, postwar housing addressed affordability; the recent McMansion craze has not.  The ‘middle market’ is under-served.

    A prediction of the Midwest US housing market for the near future?  Smaller, more efficiently planned housing types built closer in, perhaps on redeveloped land, perhaps replacing older housing stock that requires substantial repair. ‘Age in Place’ living and renovation may become commonplace.  This housing stock will be located in neighbourhoods that support denser, yet livable communities.  Neighbourhoods that are prime for new housing development demand respect of existing context and zoning codes.  In many locations, the building codes that support this type of housing may not promote light wood frame construction.  Housing units convenient to mass transit will be most desirable.  Whether people are following their employment centres or employment centres following people, people appear to be living closer to their work.  The neighbourhoods that made up the original ‘pre-war’ American suburb may demonstrate how this housing type works.

    Original American suburb towns have weathered market downturns, are highly desirable and tended to be built around mass transit facilities.  These neighbourhoods were unattractive to McMansion development, because they were never planned to support large amounts of very low density development with underground infrastructure or municipal taxation levels.

    To describe this theory another way, think of building for the ‘middle market’ by offering quality housing set in attractive surroundings, convenient to employment with viable mass transit options.

    As gasoline becomes expensive and commute times increase, building large tracts in the exurbs will seem less viable, at least for those tied to employment.  As for building more McMansions on existing plots? Perhaps it will remain as some sort of niche market for a while.  McMansions need a steady supply of relatively large land parcels in low density neighbourhoods, the closer-in 1950’s tracts may be attractive.  Yet, picture this: a very trendy real estate and consumer niche is developing around exuberant ‘mid century modern’ themes – Eichler tract homes in the San Francisco Bay area, even Pierre Koenig’s Case Study House #22 that cantilevers out over the Los Angeles basin.  Themes more reminiscent of the Jetson’s rather than pseudo-tudor castles may be poised to re-overtake suburbia.

    Finally.

  • Streetscapes

    Monday, June 5, 2006

    Successful streetscapes are defined by spaces between buildings. The spaces become successful places; streets where we live out our lives, nooks and crannies that create pleasant oasis, buildings that form backdrops and walls that give meter to time and space….all decidedly urban concepts.

    Let’s take the flipside to this thought and think of streetscapes that are defined by buildings between spaces.  Eye catching, exuberant buildings and identity signage set inside parking lots, or man made landscape that won’t detract from the eye catching, exuberant buildings and identity signage.  This is the essence of the suburban experience.

    The idea of negative, rather than positive space – or however you want to cast it – is something that Victor Gruen thought was America’s downfall, yet something that Robert Venturi has portrayed as a quality deserving of American pride.  Instead of abiding by the rules of being polite to our neighbours in context, we simply build as far away from our neighbours as possible, to be something individual.  One could even draw similarities between this design comparison and the way our society functions today.  Art becomes life.

    Let’s go a step further.  In the urban streetscape, one approaches places on foot, whereas in a suburban streetscape, one approaches a place while inside an automobile.  Between suburban buildings, places are populated by automobiles – in motion, or being stored.

    Beat era guru Edward Ruscha looked at parking lots and ancillary landscaping much the same way that Andy Warhol looked at soup cans.  Testing this hypothesis, the elements of suburban streetscapes aren’t buildings or ancillary landscaping – let’s get down to business here, folks – it’s our cars.  despite the advent of “dress down working environments” and “casual Fridays”, we still devote time and effort to primping our automobiles.  Though we eat potato chips,we would never fuel our cars with nothing but the best gasoline and motor oils.  We dress them up more than we do ourselves, quite often.

    The British movement ‘Archigram” recognized this concept of mobility as architecture well beyond our suburban bounds. they imagined buildings that could move to new settings if one was bored with the existing one. Still others envisioned our transportation as a type of clothing, an extension of our persona – our automobiles are every bit a part of our personal image as are our clothing.  More imaginatively, one could devise a set of clothes that become our environment and transportation, all in one.  Imagine a set of trousers that sprout wheels and take one to work on a busy freeway; what about jackets that double as jet packs and rocket one to another continent for an afternoon visit…or inflatable coveralls that provide the ideal, temperate indoor environment while visiting the arctic, the jungle, or outer space…Spacesuits are clothing that provide all necessary support for life, much like any other built environment.  But, are they architecture?

    Back on earth, or at least the American suburb, we need interesting parking lots to sustain a vibrant suburban streetscape, flamboyant buildings on their own just don’t cut the mustard.  Detroit’s “Big Three” did better when they recognized this, and designed cars every bit as exuberant as were suburban buildings.  However, gasoline was cheap and abundant, we could fuel this type of environment.  Now that automobile styling is boring, dull and gray; and that gasoline is reaching record prices, it’s time to rethink.

    Suburban streetscapes are left with highly individual buildings with parking lots.  Parking lots have become prime real estate, they tend to have supported commercially successful buildings whose only direction to expand are into their parking lots.  Suddenly, these exuberant buildings that stood alone in their flamboyance are cheek and jowl with other, dissimilarly exuberant buildings.  And they’re still approached by automobiles.

    Understanding a suburban streetscape, and retrofitting it for the new century is one of our greatest challenges.

  • Parking Lots

    Saturday, November 19, 2005

    A recent article by Paul Kaihla in BUSINESS2.0 Magazine brought me to think about the parking lot as a prolific, yet endangered landscape feature of the post war era.

    The article, entitled The Next Real Estate Boom (November 1, 2005) spoke of a coming wave of expansion, growth and redevelopment of American cities, of a scale not seen since the decade immediately following the Second World War, to accommodate 70 million more people.  It congealed several concepts that aren’t terribly out of the realm of imagination – “megapolitans” infilling the areas between cities, such as one urban unit consisting of Seattle and Portland; in a way, not unlike how Baltimore / Washington are being reported as a single census unit today.  It predicted that existing neighbourhoods may be infilled, perhaps densified, to allow for energy conservation. In my estimation, this type of growth would require a similar movement to preserve agricultural lands, in order to feed the additional hordes of people. A quirky snippet from the article is what caught my eye, concerning the redevelopment potential of surface parking lots in American cities.

    They paved paradise / And put up a parking lot
    With a pink hotel, a boutique / And a swinging hot spot
    Don’t it always seem to go
    That you don’t know what you’ve got ’till it’s gone
    They paved paradise / And put a parking lot

    Joni Mitchell, big yellow taxi

    Parking lots have been somewhat of a fascination, if not an icon of post war growth.  More people became mobile, we came to expect large, convenient surface areas where we could park our flamboyantly styled yacht of sheet metal, as if to put of symbol of status on display for all to see while we engaged in some activity of commerce within close walking distance.  Like them or not, parking lots were an important component to the generation of gross national product. While many times they were our bane – like when Life Magazine declared a hillside completely paved in asphalt as being one of the worst urban eyesores of the year; they achieved an undercurrent of recognition and appreciation in other, equally artistic circles.

     

     

     

    "The Spike" car sculpture that graced the parking lot of the Cermak Shopping Plaza has since been demolished.
    "The Spike" car sculpture that graced the parking lot of the Cermak Shopping Plaza has since been demolished.

    “Thirty Four Los Angeles Parking Lots” by Beat Era guru Edward Ruscha elevated expanses of empty pavement to high art – a quite random pattern of oil spots that were actually well organized. One winner of the 1978 “McDonald’s of the Future” design competition if the American Institute of Architecture Students realized their design was to place a building seen behind a backdrop of cars in a parking lot, so that parked cars were arranged with the same care and fashion as one would expect to see soup cans placed in a supermarket display.  Even our own Cermak Shopping Plaza in Berwyn, Illinois turns a parking lot into a glamorous art gallery.

    Quite properly, some may begin to wonder just what has happened to our sense of art, if we see surface parking lots as being our highpoint of artistic expression.

    True, the sort of vehicles we park these days all tend to look like everyone else’s, even automotive interiors are rarely offered in vibrant colours like they once were. It’s imaginable that the want to display our vehicle has gone by the wayside. Perhaps lengthening commutes have made driving more drudgery than pleasure, we’re not as attached to our automobiles as we once were. And perhaps time has come to rethink the parking lot. The Chicago area has several examples of what can be done if a portion of the parking lot is developed into a parking garage that can hold at least as many vehicles as once parked on the surface, and the remainder of the site redeveloped as something else. The parking lot’s sense of scale is what’s most intriguing; by tract standards, they are relatively small, lending themselves to development by smaller, private groups, much the same entrepreneurial spirit that saw to their initial development.  What’s more, parking lots are usually well located, their location is handy to urban amenities.

    Joni Mitchell’s lyrics bring to mind a quote Prince Charles once made about London tabloid newspaper; how they took perfectly wonderful wooded forests, and cut down all the trees to process into pulp newsprint that in turn became Fleet Street tabloids that printed stories of dubious gossip.  In our case, the original landscape that was turned into surface parking lots may not be salvageable.  However, the integration of parking lots into worthwhile neighbourhoods is akin to turning the proverbial sow’s ear into a silk purse.